An estimate of the yield strength of NP Copper is obtained 230 MPa < σ 0 < 300 MPa. These results are used to interpret frustum indentation experiments on nanoporous (NP) Copper with struts of typical diameter of more » 45 nm. Choice of a frustum over Berkovich indenter reduces uncertainty in hardness by a factor of 3. The mean critical pressure is highly dependent on the plastic Poisson ratio ν p so that at the 1% offset of normalized indent depth, the critical pressure p m c normalized to the uniaxial yield strength σ 0 is 1 < p m c/σ 0 < 1.3 for materials with 0 < ν p < 0.5. Numerical simulations confirm that the indenter geometry provides a clear distinction of the mean pressure at which a material transitions to inelastic behavior. This is first demonstrated using a numerical model for a material with an isotropic pressure sensitive yield criterion.
#Mjournal indent free#
In this paper we demonstrate that indentation with a pyramidal flat tip (frustum) indenter near the free edge of a sample can provide a significantly better estimate of the uniaxial yield strength compared to frequently used Berkovich indenter. At the same time, such measurements are characterized by a substantial amount of uncertainty, especially when mean pressure or hardness are used to infer uniaxial yield stress. The standard depth is 0.5 inches (1.27cm).Mechanical properties of thin films are often obtained solely from nanoindentation. Open the “Special indent” drop-down menu and select “Hanging.” Adjust the depth of the indent as needed.
Go down to “Align & indent” and select “Indentation options.”
Click the “Format” option in the top menu. Instead of indenting each line manually using the “Enter” and “Tab” keys, use the special indentation feature in Google Docs. You can create a hanging indent in Google Docs for some or all of your text. Drag the “Left Indent” marker (the lower triangular marker) to where you want the second and subsequent lines of the selected paragraphs to start.įor a hanging indent of 0.5 inches (1.27 cm), position the upper triangular marker at the border and drag the lower triangular marker to the first mark after 1 cm. Using the ruler, drag the “First Line Indent” marker (the upper triangular marker) to where you want the first line of each paragraph of the selected text to start (the standard is 1 inch or 2.54cm). If the ruler is not displayed at the top of your document, click the “View” tab in the ribbon menu and tick the “Ruler” option box. This method uses the ruler in Word to create a hanging indent. The standard depth is 0.5 inches (1.27 cm). In the “Indentation” section, open the “Special” drop-down menu and select “Hanging.” Use the “By” feature to adjust the depth of the indent. Right-click the highlighted text and select “Paragraph.”. This ensures that the first line of each entry will begin at the left margin. If you have multiple citation entries, press the enter key once after each entry. This method uses the paragraph settings in Word to set a hanging indent. Instead of indenting each line manually using the “Enter” and “Tab” keys, use the indentation features in Word. You can create a hanging indent in Microsoft Word for some or all of your text. Frequently asked questions about hanging indentsĬreating a hanging indent in Microsoft Word. 
Creating a hanging indent in Google Docs.
Creating a hanging indent in Microsoft Word.
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